Statement of Issues and Justification
Pests negatively impact the health of plants, animals, and humans,
and degrade the quality of rural and urban settings and natural
landscapes. International trade and enhanced travel have increased
the rate at which exotic pest species have entered and become established
in North America. Containment of exotics, a primary concern, can
be greatly exacerbated by dispersal once they arrive. Rapid response
plans that include the ability to predict the spread of high-risk
organisms are needed. In effect, the lack of understanding of the
principles underpinning migration and dispersal of pest and beneficial
organisms across a wide range of spatial scales has dramatically
impeded the development and deployment of effective and socially
acceptable IPM programs. The migration and dispersal of biotic agents
is, indeed, poorly understood primarily because its study requires
a transdisciplinary team approach with access to technology only
now becoming available.
NCR-148 has met annually since 1984 and provides a positive forum
for information exchange and advancements that cuts across disciplines,
including landscape ecology, meteorology, entomology, bacteriology,
plant virology, botany, and mycology. This forum has vastly increased
the awareness of the critical role of migration and dispersal of
biota in ecosystem dynamics. NCR-148 has fostered major interactions
across commodity, discipline, and agency boundaries, and this has
resulted in significant cooperative efforts, evidenced by the international
aerobiology workshop (Oct. 1992), the formation of the Alliance
for Aerobiology Research, the establishment of the ESCOP PMSS Movement
and Dispersal Working Group, a generation of transdisciplinary research
thrusts, and numerous national and international cross-disciplinary
workshops and symposia. More recently, cooperative meetings have
been arranged with other regional research committees, which will
bring much needed expertise to their work. For example, the 2000
joint meeting of NCR-148/WCC-060 (Nov. 2001) aided research on pesticide
resistance and its management. We have scheduled a second joint
NCR-148/WCC-060 meeting for Fall 2004.
Additional progress is anticipated towards understanding
and predicting movement of migratory pests and beneficial insects
sharing atmospheric transport systems. Principles and methods gained
from these studies apply across scales of dispersal, and present
new opportunities for managing pests. New and continuing challenges
face agriculture (e.g., exotic introductions, refuge strategies
for resistance management, and areawide IPM). An emphasis on landscape
scale approaches to managing pest and beneficial populations within
the framework of IPM point to the importance of continuing and increasing
effort at research and development on migration and dispersal. An
increased understanding of dispersing biota and the influence of
the environment, particularly the effects of landscape heterogeneity
and atmospheric motion systems, are essential for the development
of effective, environmentally compatible plant and animal protection
and production. Continued cooperative research on movement of pests
and beneficial insects will enhance economic benefit, human safety,
and environmental quality through the sharing of knowledge and technology.
The dearth of migration and dispersal information limits effective
IPM implementation and justifies the continuance of NCR-148 for
an additional five years.
Objectives
1. To promote interdisciplinary research focused on the biotic
and abiotic processes directly influencing migration and dispersal
of biota.
Overall, the research components addressed by NCR-148
encompass the identification of environmental, atmospheric, behavioral,
physiological, and genetic characteristics that result in migratory
and dispersing forms of biota coupled with the principles that govern
their movement, especially the ascent, translation, and descent
of biota in the atmosphere. Multistate interdisciplinary research
will be nurtured by providing a forum to exchange ideas, plan research,
create linkages, share resources, and discuss research results.
2. To assist in developing management strategies for migratory and
dispersing biota.
To meet the needs of IPM practitioners, NCR-148 members
will work to develop strategies for predicting and managing migrating
and dispersing biota in ways beneficial to society. Movement of
agriculturally important biota occurs at a wide range of spatial
scales from centimeters to thousands of kilometers. Techniques for
shifting spatial scales of analysis, known as upscaling and downscaling,
represent an emerging area of environmental research (Beirkens et
al. 2000). The committee plans increased focus on the interactions
and interrelationships between the various scales of movement of
biota and development and adaptation of associated methodology.
Other areas of activity include: researching the impact of movement
on population genetic structure related to resistance management,
adaptation of exotic species to new environments, the genetics of
migratory biota, and biosecurity implications of mobile biota, including
invasive plants, insects, and pathogens (e.g., soybean rust).
Bierkens, M. F. P., Finke, P. A., and de Willigen, P. 2000. Upscaling
and downscaling methods for environmental research. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
190 pp.
3. To facilitate communication among individuals and
organizations with an interest in migration and dispersal.
NCR-148 will assist state IPM coordinators and other
stakeholders in their efforts to mitigate the impact of migration
and dispersal, provide and maintain a comprehensive website, pursue
distance learning opportunities, and improve linkages with other
multistate committees including WCC060 (Science and Management of
Pesticide Resistance), WCC066 (Integrated Management of Russian
Wheat Aphid and Other Cereal Aphids), NC205 (Ecology and Management
of European Corn Borer and Other Stalk-Boring Lepidoptera), NCR046
(Development, Optimization and Delivery of Management Strategies
for Corn Rootworms), S1005 (Sources, Dispersal and Management of
Stable Flies on Grazing Beef and Dairy Cattle), S1010 (Dynamic Soybean
Pest Management for Evolving Agricultural Technologies and Cropping
Systems), NCR125 (Biological Control of Arthropods and Weeds), S303
(Biological Control of Arthropod Pests and Weeds), and NC094 (Impact
of Climate and Soils on Crop Selection and Management). NCR-148
will also link to each of the coordinators of USDA Regional Pest
Management Centers to inform them of our activities, and to provide
input on the role of migration and dispersal in developing IPM programs.
Active participation of NCR-148 members in Regional Pest Management
Center Working Groups will be a priority, to help ensure the inclusion
of movement considerations in addressing emerging pest management
issues.
Expected Outcomes and Impacts
The overall impact of this project will be improved understanding
of the biotic and abiotic processes that affect the migration and
dispersal of agriculturally important biota, new uses of this knowledge,
and increased extension of this information to professional and
public audiences. This project will assist IPM practitioners with
the development of effective and economical strategies to help protect
US agriculture from endemic and invasive organisms. The listed intellectual
and applied outcomes below are the main areas we expect to have
the greatest impact:
New transdisciplinary awareness of the interactions and interrelationships
between the various scales of movement of biota and development
and adaptation of associated methodology.
Interdisciplinary approaches to understanding pest movement processes
(e.g., use of herbivore-ingested transgenic plant tissues as markers
to track pest insect movement).
Development of IPM and IRM programs that include a consideration
of migration and dispersal (e.g. Whiteflies and their natural enemies
in desert agriculture, Japanese beetle in blueberry).
Collaborative research and extension projects, and linkages to state,
regional and national pest management programs (e.g., Soybean Rust
Risk Assessment coordinated by NCR-148 committee members and associates
affiliated with USDA-APHIS, North Carolina State University, University
of Illinois, and the USDA-ARS/National Soybean Research Laboratory).
Online information exchange about research and extension activities
related to migration and dispersal issues via interactive project
websites (e.g., Soybean Aphid Watch and other Pest Watches supported
through the North Central Pest Management Center)
Projected Participation
Include a completed Appendix E
Educational Plan
Website. Redesign and update the NCR-148 website
detailing Committee activities, events, research, and outreach.
This will be linked to our comprehensive migration and dispersal
website. This site has served as a communication hub for information
exchange on migration and dispersal. http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/cee/movement/
(site address may change in 2004).
Reaching Stakeholders. Document and convey
our findings through numerous research, extension, and popular publications
(see attached list of manuscript collections and the NCR-148 web
site for a list of refereed journal articles and books).
Interdisciplinary Symposia. Continue to
sponsor migration and dispersal related symposia at national meetings
of the American Meteorological Society, Entomological Society of
America, the Pan-American Aerobiology Association, the International
Society of Biometeorology etc. to maintain the visibility this field
to the international research community.
Synergy/Collaboration. Continue to build
collaborations formed within this group to develop transdisciplinary
approaches to emerging challenges, resulting in multi-authored publications
and grant proposals (see Addendum and NCR-148 web page).
Organization/Governance
Elected officers of NCR-148 serve a three-year term. Persons
elected to the post of secretary for Year 1, become the vice-chair
in Year 2, and committee chair in Year 3. NCR-148 committee officers
seek administrative guidance from assigned Administrative Advisor
and a CSREES Representative.
Literature Cited
Addendum I:
Collections of Publications and Book
Special Issue of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
on Aerial Dispersal of Pests, Diseases, and Their Natural Enemies:
Implications for the Development and Deployment of Integrated Pest
Management Strategies, vol. 97. 2000.
Field Measurements in Aerobiology, Paolo Mandrioli,
Scott Isard and Charles E. Main (eds.), Institute of Atmospheric
and Oceanic Sciences, ISAO-CNR, Bologna, Italy 2000.
Preprints of the 14th AMS Conference on Biometeorology
and Aerobiology, Symposia on (1) Scientific Challenges in Aerobiology
for the 21st Century, (2) Detection, Modelling and Forecasting of
Aerobiota, and (3) Aerobiology Curriculum Development, American
Meteorological Society 2000.
Flow of Life in the Atmosphere: An airscape approach
to understanding invasive organisms. Scott Isard and Stuart Gage,
Michigan State University Press 2001.
Preprints of the 15th AMS Conference on Biometeorology
and Aerobiology Joint with the 16th International Congress on Biometeorology,
Symposia on (1) Bioterriorism, (2) Aerobiology (Insects), and (3)
Aerobiology (Spores and Pollen). American Meteorology Society 2002.
Committee members have published more than 50 manuscripts
on movement and dispersal since 2000.
Addendum II:
NCR-148 Sponsored/Organized Symposia (1999-2003)
Workshop on Dispersal of Insecticide Resistance in
Helicoverpa virescens, Sponsored by NCR-148 and WCC-060 at the 1999
Entomological Society of America meeting in Atlanta, GA (December
1999).
Symposium on Long-Distance Aerial Movement of Biota.
Sponsored by AFAR, NCR-148, and PAAA. New York Natural History Conference
and PAAA annual meeting in Albany, NY (April 2000).
Advanced Aerobiology Field Course. Sponsored by
the International Aerobiology Association, AFAR, and NCR-148. Mt.
Cimone, Italy (July 2000).
Helped organize and sponsor three movement and
dispersal symposia, Agricultural Entomology, Plant Disease Vectors,
and Ecology and Population Dynamics, XXI International Congress
of Entomology, Iguassu Falls, Brazil. (August 2000).
Symposium on Scientific Challenges in Aerobiology
for the 21st Century. Sponsored by AMS, PAAA, AFAR, and NCR-148.
14th AMS Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology (August 2000).
Symposium on Aerobiology Curriculum Development.
Sponsored by AMS, PAAA, AFAR, and NCR-148. 14th AMS Conference on
Biometeorology and Aerobiology (August 2000).
Symposium on Detection, Modelling and Forecasting
of Aerobiota. Sponsored by AMS, PAAA, AFAR, and NCR-148. 14th AMS
Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology (August 2000).
VII International Congress of Aerobiology. NCR-148
was a co-sponsor and organizer of the Congress held in Montebello,
Canada (August 2002)
Symposium on Bioterriorism. Sponsored by AMS, PAAA,
AFAR, and NCR-148. 15th AMS Conference on Aerobiology and Biometeorology
joint with the International Congress on Biometeorology (October
2002).
Symposium on Aerobiology (Insects). Sponsored by
AMS, PAAA, AFAR, and NCR-148. 15th AMS Conference on Aerobiology
and Biometeorology joint with the International Congress on Biometeorology
(October 2002).
Symposium on Aerobiology (Spores and Pollen. Sponsored
by AMS, PAAA, AFAR, and NCR-148. 15th AMS Conference on Aerobiology
and Biometeorology joint with the International Congress on Biometeorology
(October 2002).
Symposium on Importance of Migration and Dispersal
for Integrated Pest Management Systems. 2003 ESA Annual Meeting,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Addendum III:
Synergy/Collaborations
Weather-Based Assessment of Soybean Rust Threat to
North America. Collaborative project funded by APHIS involving Scott
Redlin, Roger Magarey, and Hossien El-Nashaar (SPHST/APHIS), Charlie
Main and Thomas Keever (North American Plant Disease Forecast Center,
NCSU), Joseph M. Russo (ZedX Inc), Scott A. Isard (Illinois) and
Stuart H. Gage (MSU).
Pesticide Reduction in the Face of Japanese Beetle
Invasion: Testing a Local IPM Strategy in the Context of Regional
Invasion. Collaborative project funded by CSREES North Central IPM
program involving Rufus Isaacs (MSU) and Scott Isard (Illinois).
Aerial Dispersal Risk of Late Blight. Collaborative
project funded by CSREES NRI grant program involving Elson Shields
and W.E. Fry (New York) and Don Aylor (Connecticut). Field study
extending from 1999 - 2001.
Advanced Aerobiology Field Course 2000. Scott Isard
(Illinois), Charlie Main (North Carolina) and Elson Shields (New
York). Field course taught in Italy.
Flow of Life in the Atmosphere. Book published
in 2001 by Scott Isard (Illinois) and Stuart Gage (MSU).
Dispersal of Stable Flies. Carl Jones (Tennessee),
David Kristovich and Scott Isard (Illinois), Edward Walker, Richard
Merritt, and Stuart Gage (Michigan), and Jerome A. Hogsette (USDA-ARS-MAVERL).
Research proposal.
Attachments
Highlights of NCR-148 activities
Internal Linkages
AZ, IL, IA, ME, MI, MN, MS, NE, NYC, OH, PA, TN, VA, WI
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